Nanopore sequencing in veterinary health sciences: A review

Abstract

In veterinary health, the ability to perform field-portable,
real-time long-read sequencing, which is unattainable with
traditional platforms, makes nanopore sequencing one of
the most revolutionary tools. In recent years, the use of
nanopore sequencing technology in veterinary medicine
has gained significant attention focusing on pathogen
detection, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiling,
livestock genetic identification, microbiome studies, and
disease monitoring in wildlife and domesticated animals.
Its usefulness in field diagnostics and outbreak response
is invaluable in remote resource-limited region because
it is portable and can deliver results in a short time.
Despite the obstacles of higher error rates and the need for
bioinformatics skills, chemistry, base calling algorithms,
and workflow of nanopore sequencing are improving its
precision and accessibility. In this paper, we review the
existing literature on nanopore sequencing technology, its
veterinary applications, advantages over other sequencing
methods and propose integrated One Health strategies for
the future. As presented in the review, technology offers
prospective opportunities that could improve animal
health, food safety, and monitoring of zoonotic threats in
the context of humans, animals, and environment.